Introduction
Ammonium hydroxide, commonly known as ammonia water, is an aqueous solution of ammonia gas. It is colorless and transparent, with a strong, pungent ammonia odor. It is weakly alkaline. Chemically active: easily volatilizes ammonia gas; undergoes exothermic neutralization reactions with acids; and forms stable, water-soluble complexes (like Tollens’ reagent) with various metal ions (e.g., copper, silver, zinc).
Specification
| Item | Specification |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid |
| Assay (Purity) | 25% – 28% (as NH3) |
| Melting Point | -77 °C |
| Volatility | Highly volatile (releasing NH3 gas) |
| Ash Content | ≤ 0.01% |
| Solubility | Miscible with water in all proportions |
| Thermal Stability | Readily releases ammonia gas upon heating |
Applications
- Chemicals & Fertilizers: Raw material for producing various ammonium salts (like ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride).
- Environmental Protection: Used as a reducing agent in power plant denitration (SCR/SNCR processes) to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen gas.
- Dyeing & Electronics Industry: Used for cleaning semiconductor silicon wafers; acts as a dyeing assistant and mild alkaline detergent in textiles.
Storage Requirements
Store in a cool, well-ventilated, independent warehouse where temperatures are not excessive. High temperatures accelerate ammonia release, causing a sharp increase in container pressure. Avoid direct sunlight and strictly isolate from acidic substances.
Handling and Precautions
Ammonia water is highly corrosive and irritating. Ammonia gas strongly irritates the eyes and respiratory tract. Operators must wear gas masks (ammonia-specific cartridges), chemical safety goggles, and anti-corrosion gloves. Open drums slowly to release pressure and prevent ammonia gas from bursting out and causing injury.
Formula
PCB Cleaning Solution (RCA clean part): Ammonia Water (1 part) + Hydrogen Peroxide (1 part) + Pure Water (5 parts).
Function: Ammonia water provides a weakly alkaline environment. Through complexation, it converts metal ion impurities (like copper and zinc) on the silicon wafer or PCB surface into soluble amine complexes. Combined with the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide, it thoroughly removes organics and metal particles.
Packaging
fiber drum or carton box, lined with PE bag. Customized packaging available upon request. (Note: Typically packed in plastic drums/IBC, formatted as requested).