Morpholine is a versatile organic chemical compound featuring both amine and ether functional groups in a six-membered ring. It is widely recognized for its excellent solvent properties and its crucial role as a building block in various industrial syntheses.
Morpholine CAS 110-91-8
Description
- CAS: 110-91-8
- Synonyms: 1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane, Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine, Diethylene imidoxide
- Einecs: 203-815-1
- Molecular Formula: C_4H_9NO
- Grade: Industrial / Pharmaceutical / Synthesis
- Package: As required
Details
Basic
Morpholine is a colorless, hygroscopic, and volatile liquid with a characteristic amine odor. Because its ring contains both an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom, it exhibits diverse chemical reactivity.
Common Chemical Reactions:
- Salt Formation: As a secondary amine, it reacts readily with inorganic and organic acids to form stable, water-soluble morpholinium salts.
- Alkylation & Acylation: The secondary amine nitrogen undergoes alkylation with alkyl halides and acylation with acid chlorides or anhydrides to yield N-alkyl or N-acyl morpholine derivatives.
- Reaction with Carbon Disulfide: Reacts with CS_2 and sodium hydroxide to form sodium morpholine dithiocarbamate, a critical intermediate for rubber vulcanization accelerators.
Specifications
| Parameter | Specification / Threshold |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Assay (Purity) | ≥ 99.5% |
| Melting Point | -5°C |
| Volatility | High (Vapor pressure ~1.1 kPa at 20°C) |
| Ash Content | ≤ 0.01% |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, ethanol, acetone, and ether |
| Thermal Stability | Stable under standard conditions; decomposes at high heat |
Data Sheet Download
Applications
Water Treatment (Boiler Systems): Acts as a neutralizing amine. Its unique vapor-liquid distribution ratio allows it to distribute evenly in both the water and steam phases, neutralizing carbonic acid and protecting against corrosion.
Rubber Industry: Used as an intermediate to synthesize rubber accelerators, which control the vulcanization process and improve the physical properties of rubber tires and goods.
Chemical Synthesis: Serves as a versatile building block for synthesizing optical brighteners, crop protection agents, and pharmaceutical active ingredients.
Coatings & Inks: Functions as a highly effective solvent and pH buffer in water-based paints and printing inks.
Storage
Temperature & Ventilation: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and environmental extremes.
Isolation: Keep tightly closed and strictly isolated from incompatible materials, particularly strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and acid chlorides.
Fire Safety: Because Morpholine is a flammable liquid, storage facilities must utilize explosion-proof electrical equipment and be equipped with proper grounding/bonding systems to prevent static discharge.
Handling and Usage Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof chemical goggles, and protective clothing. A respirator is recommended in areas with poor ventilation.
Safe Handling: Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin or eyes, as the chemical is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns.
Material Compatibility: Morpholine is corrosive to copper, zinc, and their alloys. Avoid using brass or copper piping, valves, and fittings when transferring the material.
Formulations
Packaging
Drums: 200 kg galvanized steel drums or HDPE plastic drums.
IBC Totes: 1,000 L Intermediate Bulk Containers.
ISO Tanks: For high-volume bulk liquid shipments.
Custom: Smaller packaging available as required for lab scale or specialized pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Safety & Compliance Information
| Document / Requirement | Status & Details |
| SDS / MSDS | Available upon request |
| GHS Classification | Flammable Liquid (Cat 3), Skin Corrosion (Cat 1B), Acute Tox (Cat 4) |
| UN No. | 2054 |
| Transport Class | Class 8 (Subsidiary risk: Class 3 – Flammable) |
| Hazard Statements | H226 (Flammable), H302/312/332 (Harmful), H314 (Burns) |
| Labeling Compliance | Fully complies with international GHS and CLP standards |
| COA / TDS | Available upon request for every shipment |
| Batch Traceability | Maintained via strict ERP lot tracking and batch records |
FAQ
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Q: How to get more information about the product?A: You can contact us via email at info@zhpmchem.com or WhatsApp at +8618321309391 for more information about our products and company.
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Q: Does the product meet our requirements regarding formulation, equipment, and processing?A: Yes, we will adjust the product formulation to your specific needs, ensuring it meets your processing requirements.
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Q: Why is morpholine preferred over other amines for boiler water treatment?A: Morpholine is chosen for its specific liquid-vapor distribution ratio. At boiler operating temperatures, it evaporates and condenses at nearly the same rate as water, ensuring that all parts of the steam-condensate system receive consistent pH buffering and corrosion protection.
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Q: Is morpholine compatible with all types of metal pipes?A: No. While it protects iron and steel effectively, morpholine is highly corrosive to copper, zinc, and their alloys (like brass and bronze). Equipment and piping systems handling concentrated morpholine must be made of carbon steel or stainless steel.
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Q: What is the standard shelf life of morpholine?A: When stored in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place away from heat and oxidizers, morpholine typically has a shelf life of 12 to 24 months. It is hygroscopic, so keeping moisture out is essential to maintain its high assay.
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Q: How should a small morpholine spill be managed?A: Eliminate all ignition sources immediately. Personnel should wear full PPE. Contain the spill with non-combustible absorbent materials (like sand or earth), carefully neutralize it with a dilute, weak acid (if safe to do so per local protocols), and collect the residue into a properly labeled hazardous waste container for professional disposal.