Ammonium Hydroxide CAS 1336-21-6 Ammonia Water

Reactions

Acid-Base Neutralization: As an alkaline solution, it reacts readily with various acids (such as HCl, H₂SO₄) to form corresponding ammonium salts.

Complexation: It forms stable, water-soluble complex ions with transition metals. For example, it reacts with copper ions to form a deep blue [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ complex, and with silver to form Tollens’ reagent.

Precipitation: Acts as an excellent precipitating agent to form insoluble metal hydroxides (such as Aluminum hydroxide and Iron(III) hydroxide) from metal salt solutions.

Specifications

Applications & Functions

• Textiles & Dyeing: Used as an alkaline processing agent. It aids in washing, scouring, and color penetration, ensuring dyes bond effectively to fabric fibers.
• Agriculture (Fertilizers): Serves as a direct nitrogen-rich fertilizer or a fundamental precursor for manufacturing compound nitrogenous fertilizers, promoting vigorous crop growth.
• Water Treatment: Functions as a pH adjuster. When combined with chlorine, it forms chloramines, providing stable, long-lasting disinfection in municipal water systems.
• Chemical Synthesis: Acts as a vital nitrogen source and intermediate in the production of amines, ammonium salts, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic resins.

Storage Environment Requirements

• Temperature Control: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse. Maintain ambient temperatures generally below 25°C to minimize gas volatilization and pressure build-up.
• Isolation: Keep strictly away from direct sunlight, open flames, and heat sources.
• Segregation: Store completely separated from incompatible substances, particularly strong acids, halogens (chlorine, bromine), and strong oxidizing agents.
• Container Sealing: Ensure all containers are tightly sealed and stored upright to prevent gas leakage and concentration degradation.

Handling & Usage Precautions

• Protective Equipment: Always wear chemical splash goggles, protective acid/alkali-resistant gloves, and appropriate protective clothing. In areas with high vapor concentration, use an approved full-face respirator.
• Ventilation: Operations should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under a designated chemical fume hood to avoid inhaling irritating ammonia vapors.
• Spill Response: In the event of a leak, isolate the area immediately. Flush minor spills with plenty of water and neutralize with a dilute acid (like acetic acid) if necessary. Never flush concentrated solutions directly into waterways.

Formulations

• Household & Industrial Glass/Surface Cleaners:
  • Formulation: Ammonia water mixed with water, surfactants, and alcohols.
  • Role: Acts as a powerful alkaline solvent. It saponifies grease and lifts dirt, then evaporates completely without leaving any streaks or residue on the glass.
• Hair Dyes & Bleaching Agents:
  • Formulation: Ammonia water combined with hydrogen peroxide and dye intermediates.
  • Role: Functions as a swelling agent. The alkalinity raises the hair cuticle, allowing the dye molecules and bleaching agents to deeply penetrate the hair cortex for effective coloring.

Packaging Options

• Fiber drum or carton box, lined with PE bag.
• Customization: Customized packaging available upon request to meet specific transportation or facility requirements.